The Ulutas Medical Journal · ISSN 2149-0430 (印刷版), 2149-388X (在线版) · https://www.ulutasmedicaljournal.com/?mno=79751
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使用无名尸体进行解剖的道德考虑:行动呼吁
标题、摘要和全文为机器翻译。 英文原文
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria ROR
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. ROR
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摘要
导言: 在医学训练中持续进行解剖解剖的做法对身体的获取提出了很大要求. 本文旨在概述使用无人认领的身体进行解剖时的道德考虑. 材料和方法: 从2004年1月到2019年10月,我们探索了PubMed,MEDLINE,OvidMEDLINE,Researchgate,Google Scholar,Web of Science,以及Science Direct等主要数据库,利用选定的关键词来识别和提取与使用无名尸体进行解剖解剖有关和特殊的文章. 结果: 这次审查产生了40份出版物,其中28次会议涉及我们的质量和包容要求。 本文着重介绍了一些医学院在解剖解剖方面使用无人认领的身体的情况,以及在全球医学培训中持续使用这种尸体所涉及的各种道德因素。 结论: 总之,持续使用无人认领的身体进行解剖解剖仍然具有很强的道德和法律不确定性. 因此,建议需要制定一项包括一切的规章,以控制使用尸检进行解剖。 如果适当的立法和准则得不到严格监测,我们可能很快会回到尸体贩运时代来满足需求.
关键词
全文
全文为机器翻译;以英文原文为准。 英文原文
导言
解剖术在培训保健专业人员方面的重要性怎么强调也不过分。 (1, 2)大量文献记载,由于解剖学的出现,腐烂的解剖作为教学和学习解剖学的主要手段而蓬勃发展。 (3–5)虽然赞成和反对继续使用这一系统的辩论仍在进行,但除了教学讲座和其他学习解剖方法外,还广泛进行解剖 (6–8)。 。 。
持续的解剖做法对人体的获取提出了巨大的要求,以满足解剖解剖的需求. 过去,罪犯提供尸体,包括偷埋尸体和谋杀,被接受为弥补尸体短缺的一种手段。 (9)例如,在尼日利亚,由下列人员进行一项研究: (10) 据报告,该国只有约10%的医学院有足够的尸体进行解剖。 没有其他寻找尸体的手段,在许多国家,无人认领尸体的使用已经空前 (6, 11)为期三年的研究 (12) 尼日利亚伊巴丹大学披露,用于解剖的所有尸体都是无人认领的尸体。 在这一数字中,78.6%是在执法机构枪战中死亡的疑似重罪犯的尸体,其余21.4%的事故受害者或某种形式的未索赔尸体 (12)在世界许多地方,这种情况并不大不同,如特别报告员报告的那样。 (8)。 。 。
使用无人认领的身体仍然是道德负担 (13)研究: (14) 注意到对尸体的道德考虑属于对人的生命的尊重,无论是捐赠的还是无人认领的。 作者一致认为,自愿捐献仍然是现有最符合道德的购置尸体方法。 (15, 16)。直到最近,才对如何采购尸体的问题给予很大关注。 (17)研究: (18) 建议解剖学家应领导反对使用无人认领的身体的运动,因为这种做法违反了仁爱和不男尊义的道德原则。 这项研究的结果 (19) 也支持这样的观点,即接受无人认领的尸体首先只是为了满足手头的要求。 因此, (16) 主张应尽可能采用良好的人体捐赠做法。 他认为,这将防止使用其来源可能可疑的无人认领的尸体。 在一些地方,人们已经采取行动,不再使用无人认领的尸体。 (9)巴西是法律甚至支持使用无人认领的机构进行研究的一个实例。 (20)。 。 。
然而,巴西阿雷格里港联邦卫生科学大学的解剖系发起了人体捐赠方案,向他们的直属社区介绍自愿人体捐赠及其过程。 报告 (21) 说明自设立以来,由于自愿捐赠,机构逐渐增加。 解剖部门用于解剖尸体的详情显示,50%是那些在生前自愿捐献自己的尸体,46.4%是家庭捐献的,只有3.5%是无要求的尸体 (21)。按照 (18) 更多的是伦理而不是合法性。
虽然我们积极争取彻底消除使用无人认领的尸体,但在此之前,我们可以采取缓和措施。 这些措施将使使用人体组织学习标准化。 在这方面,联合王国早在1832年就任命了解剖学检查员。 (22)尽管最近根据一项新的法律“2004年联合王国人体组织法”被人体组织管理局取代了他们的作用。 (23)同样,在南非,解剖检查官与各机构联络,确保用于解剖的遗体在法律上和道德上获得,并保存适当的记录。 为此,他们访问了解剖学部门,对储存设施进行评估。 (24)。 。 。
结论
如温克尔曼所说,尸体解剖的做法仍然带有道德和法律上的不确定性。 (25),因此很难界定 (26)如何使用无人认领的尸体! 回想一下尸体获取的犯罪史 再加上道德考虑 琼斯和惠特克 (9) 主张积极转变对无人认领尸体的使用。 在创造可接受的自愿捐献身体手段时,必须顾及社会文化和宗教因素。 (27)研究: (28) 提议制定全面的条例,以管制尸体整体解剖的使用。 如果适当的立法和准则得不到严格监测,我们可能很快会回到尸体贩运时代来满足需求。
声明
- 作者贡献(CRediT)
- 所有作者对全部 14 项 CRediT 角色贡献均等(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)。
- 资助
-
Funding information was not reported in the published version of this article.
- 利益冲突
- The authors have declared no conflict of interest for the present article.
- 伦理批准
- Ethics committee approval was not required for this article, as it is based on previously published literature and does not involve human participants, patient data or animals.
- 数据可用性
- Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.
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如何引用本文
Chia T, Oyeniran OI. Ethical Considerations in the Use of Unclaimed Bodies for Anatomical Dissection: A Call for Action. Ulutas Med J. 2020;6(1):5-8. doi:10.5455/umj.20201229101758
Chia, T., & Oyeniran, O. I. (2020). Ethical Considerations in the Use of Unclaimed Bodies for Anatomical Dissection: A Call for Action. The Ulutas Medical Journal, 6(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.5455/umj.20201229101758
Chia, T. and Oyeniran, O.I. (2020) 'Ethical Considerations in the Use of Unclaimed Bodies for Anatomical Dissection: A Call for Action', The Ulutas Medical Journal, 6(1), pp. 5–8. doi: 10.5455/umj.20201229101758.