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2岁以上婴儿的罗塔病毒感染发病率及其诊断和预防选择

标题、摘要和全文为机器翻译。 英文原文

  • Humaira - Zafar1
  • Kiran Tauseef Bukhari2
  • Nouman - Noor3
  • Noor Khan Lakhnana4
  • Sadaf - Humayoun5
  1. Assoc Prof. of Pathology, Consultant Microbiologist, Al Nafees Medical College& Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
  2. Assoc Prof. of Pathology, Consultant Haematologist, Al Nafees Medical College& Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
  3. Assist Prof of Operative Dentistry, Rawal Institute of Dentistry, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islambad, Pakistan
  4. Head of Department & Prof. of Pathology, Consultant Histopathologist, Al Nafees Medical College& Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
  5. Senior Registrar, Rawal Institute of Dentistry, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islambad, Pakistan
下载 PDF (242.1 KB) 引用方式 doi:10.5455/umj.20170603033048

摘要

背景:与世界许多地区一样,巴基斯坦承担着2岁以下腹泻的沉重负担,导致高死亡率。 Delima是缺乏对适当的诊断、管理和预防选择的认识。 目前的审查文章将阐明罗塔维尔感染的统计数据、诊断、管理和预防选择。 结论:在小于2岁的年龄组中,致命感染是肠胃炎的主要原因之一。 静脉注射液的准确诊断和管理可以降低发病率和死亡率。

关键词

全文

全文为机器翻译；以英文原文为准。 英文原文

导言

根据文献审查,儿童腹泻每年造成176至180万人死亡。(1, 2)Hoshino等人的一份研究报告指出,这甚至可能成为造成年轻年龄组高发病率的原因。 (3)根据世卫组织公布的《2014年腹泻病控制方案统计报告》,Rota病毒感染被认为是3个月至3岁年龄组的主要腹泻原因。 (4–7)据估计,约有527 000名儿童在生命的最初几年死于这种可用疫苗预防的感染。 (4, 8)感染很容易通过大肠杆菌口腔、空气滴、直接通过人或接触受污染的玩具获得。 (4, 8)无论社会经济地位和季节如何,在任何社区都可以看到这种感染 (9, 10)。孵化期为2至10天 (11)临床表现可以是呕吐,腹痛,严重痢疾后严重脱水,最终死亡率很高. (4, 12, 13)。 。 。

世卫组织的报告还强调,为了实现2014年和2015年的千年发展目标,罗塔病毒感染的免疫接种应成为国家免疫计划的一部分。 这将是在降低至少三分之二的儿童死亡率方面向前迈出的一步。 (4, 11)2012年的另一份公开报告显示,每年约有40至60万欠发达国家的儿童死于与罗塔病毒有关的脱水 (14)。 。 。

文学评论

Nishio etal(2000年)的研究报告显示,2岁以下年龄组的流行率估计为13.7%。 (11)虽然其他公布的统计学家透露,土耳其的领先地位为39%,英国为43%,越南为50%,波兰为41%,科威特为45%。 (13, 15)2006年,Gleizes等人表示季节性变化,特别是冬季与这种感染有密切的联系。 (19). 其他对Va有害的研究指出,儿童感染前的性别、身高和体重没有关联 (10, 12, 16). 王×Y,2005年,显示临床展示从轻度到重度水痢,每24小时有12至14发,同时出现高等级发烧,恶心和严重呕吐. 主要病原体包括血清素(5-羟基三聚氰胺,5-HT)由肠道色素(EC)细胞分泌导致呕吐和腹泻. (17, 18)实验室诊断方案包括通过ELISA检测检测罗塔病毒抗原。 测试港作为敏感度72% (2)。 。 。

常见的感染并发症包括:9.1%的病例出现高血压脱水,其次是4%的病例出现癫痫、脑炎和严重脱水,每个病例需要1.7%的重症护理,最后是0.1%的死亡结果。 (19)Sızmaz E在他的研究中说,肠内炎是婴儿年龄组中又一种严重的并发症,有罗塔病毒感染。 (20)。 。 。

根据所有文献审查,发现这种可预防的感染没有具体的倾向性,只能通过接种儿童疫苗和其他预定的免疫性免疫疾病疫苗加以预防。 (21–23)2015年公布的数据显示,非洲国家将轮状病毒疫苗作为免疫的一部分,显著降低了轮状病毒性胃肠炎的发病率和住院率 (24)此外,早期的病例识别,特别是ELISA检测到罗塔病毒抗体,加上添加了抗生素,有助于缩短感染的时间和强度。 (25)。 。 。

结论

Rota病毒感染是小于2岁年龄组肠胃炎的主要原因之一。 准确的诊断,从而用静脉液进行管理,可以降低发病率和死亡率。

建议

• 将罗塔病毒疫苗列入免疫方案时间表,有助于降低特定年龄组的疾病发病率、发病率和死亡率。

此外,根据文献审查,在管理中增加补充生素可以缩短患病时间。

声明

作者贡献（CRediT）
所有作者对全部 14 项 CRediT 角色贡献均等（Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing）。
资助

Funding information was not reported in the published version of this article.

利益冲突
The authors have no conflict of interest.
伦理批准
Ethics committee approval was not required for this article, as it is based on previously published literature and does not involve human participants, patient data or animals.
数据可用性
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

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Zafar H, Bukhari KT, Noor N, Lakhnana NK, Humayoun S. Incidence of Rota Viral Infection in Younger than 2 Years Age Along With Its Diagnostic and Preventive Options. Ulutas Med J. 2018;4(1):1-3. doi:10.5455/umj.20170603033048

Zafar, H., Bukhari, K. T., Noor, N., Lakhnana, N. K., & Humayoun, S. (2018). Incidence of Rota Viral Infection in Younger than 2 Years Age Along With Its Diagnostic and Preventive Options. The Ulutas Medical Journal, 4(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5455/umj.20170603033048

Zafar, H. et al. (2018) 'Incidence of Rota Viral Infection in Younger than 2 Years Age Along With Its Diagnostic and Preventive Options', The Ulutas Medical Journal, 4(1), pp. 1–3. doi: 10.5455/umj.20170603033048.

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