Structured abstract checker
Paste your abstract and see whether it has the four sections: Background, Methods, Results and Conclusion.
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- Sections found
- Sections missing
- Words
How it works
A heading counts when it starts a line or a sentence and is followed by a colon, a full stop or a line break.
Abstracts of some article types are unstructured; then missing sections are not an error.
Worked example: An abstract with Background, Methods and Results headings reports "Conclusion" as missing.
These tools support writing; they do not replace the Instructions for Authors or the advice of your co-authors and institution.
Questions
Which headings are recognised?
Background, Introduction, Aim or Objective; Methods, Materials and methods or Design; Results or Findings; Conclusion. Turkish headings (Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular, Sonuç) are recognised too.
Does the tool judge the quality of the abstract?
No. It only looks for the section headings at the start of a line or sentence, so you can see what is missing.